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Created with Fabric.js 1.4.5 McCulloch v. Maryland Gibbons v. Ogden 5 Landmark Supreme Court Cases that Shaped Government Powers Dartmouth College v. Woodward Clinton v. New York Marbury v. Madison Speaking foran unanimous(7-0) court, Chief Justice Marshall rejected theMaryland argument. Year:Chief Justice: Year:Chief Justice: 1819 John Marshall Decision: Decision: Was the Bank of theUnited States a"necessary and proper" exercise of powers granted by the constitutionor was the bankunconstitutional? Year:Chief Justice: Year:Chief Justice: Year:Chief Justice: Year:Chief Justice: Year:Chief Justice: Year:Chief Justice: Year:Chief Justice: Year:Chief Justice: 1824 John Marshall 1819 John Marshall 1803 John Marshall 1998 William H. Rehnquist Chief Justice John Marshall deliveredthe opinion unanimous (6-0) courtsiding with Gibbons. Decision: Decision: What was the meaning of the word commerce in the Constitution? Question: Question: Question: By a 5-1 margin, the court agreed with Dartmouth. Decision: 4-0 against Madison Decision: Can a state legislative change the charterof a school? Question: Is Marbury entitlted tohis appointment? Question: Did the presidents ability to selectively cancel individualportions of bills, under theLine Item Veto Act, violatethe Presentment Clause ofArticle I? Question Decision: 6-to-3 decision, the court rejected a decades-old effortto strengthen the hand of the president in struggleswith congress. In 1816, Congress chartered The Second Bank of the United States. In 1818, the state of Maryland passed legislation to impose taxes on the bank. James W. McCulloch, the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the bank, refused to pay the tax. New York courts consistently upheldthe state monopoly. In this case Thomas Gibbons challenged the monopoly license granted by New York to Aaron Ogden. A New York state law gave to individuals the exclusive right to operate steamboats on waters within state jurisdiction. The case began on March 2, 1801, when an obscure Federalist, William Marbury, was designated as a justiceof the peace in the District of Columbia. Marbury and several others were appointed to government posts created by Congress in the last days of John Adams's presidency, but these last-minute appointments were never fully finalized. The disgruntled appointees invoked an act of Congress and sued for their jobs in the Supreme Court. This case consolidates two separate challenges to the constitutionality of two cancellations, made by President William J. Clinton, under the Line Item Veto Act The provision permitted some food refiners and processors to defer recognition of their capital gains in exchange for sellingtheir stock to eligible farmers' cooperatives. After a district court held the Act unconstitutional, the Supreme Court granted certiorari on expedited appeal. In 1816, the New Hampshire legislature attempted to change Dartmouth College into a state university. The legislature changed the school's corporate charter by transferring the control of trustee appointments to the governor. In an attempt to regain authority over the resources of Dartmouth College, the old trustees filed suit against William H. Woodward, who sided with the new appointees. Conservative Conservative Conservative Liberal Conservative
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