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Created with Fabric.js 1.4.5 Stem Cells GOAL TYPES Adult Stem Cells This type of stem cell can be found within various forms of tissues and organs in the human body. These places include but are not limited to the brain, blood vessels, and bone marrow which has an area called the stem cell niche where they reside. These cells are not as tenacious and long-lasting as embryonic stem cells. A vast majority of people on the planet suffer from disease and this research potentially holds the cure for over thousands of them. By replacing the damaged cells with new cells, patients can be treated and finally live happy and healthy lives. WHAT ARE THESE These are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to become any type of cell in the body which is what makes them so unique. Also, because of this quality, they are referred to as the "body's raw materials". These cells give rise to daughtercells in the correct conditions such as within the human body or in a laboratory. Embryonic Stem Cells Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Perinatal Stem Cells TIMELINE These cells reside in amniotic fluid which can be found within the sac that protects a fetus in the uterus. This was discovered through amniocentesis, a test done by pregnant women to test for abnormalities. These cells can also be found in umbilical cord blood. This type of stem cell is derived from embryos that are the result of fertilization in an inVitro fertilization clinic. These are then donated to the research with full consent of the donor's. These cells are never derived from a fertilized egg within a female's body. These cells are adult stem cells that have been modified to meet the criteria of embryonic stem cells. Although they meet the guidelines, it is yet to be tested if they differ from embryonic stem cells in a clinical matter. 1961 - Toronto scientists Dr. James Till as well as Ernest McCulloch who worked for Ontario Cancer Institute published that they had accidental findings in "RadiationResearch" proving stem cell existence. 1975 - An Ethics AdvisoryBoard is created to deal with matters that emerged from abortions based on fetal tissue analysis. 1981 - Discovery of embryonic stem cells in a mouse blastocyst. 1998 - Human embryonic stem cells are isolated by James Thomson, a scientist at the University of Wisconsin. He proves their potential to renew themselves as well as the fact that they are undifferentiated. An ethical debate is started because Thomson's team destroyed human embryos in order to validate the research. 2006 - Induced pluripotent stemcells are discovered by Shinya Yamanaka from Kyoto, Japan. 2009 - Guidelines arecreated by the National Institute of Health (refer to Canada's outlook). 2012 - Stem cells arecreated from urine by researchers. 2013 - Cloned human embryos gave rise to pluripotent stem cells. This research can give rise to an infinite amount of cells which creates limitless potential for application within the medical field. It can increase our understanding of disease by observing how stem cells mature into cells in nerves, muscles, and so on. This would then lead to being able to replace damaged cells since stem cells can be guided to become certain cells. This type of therapy also referred to as regenerative medicine would lead to a new outlook on organ transplantations since rather than using limited organ donors, these cells can be used. An example of this is that someone with heart disease could have cells injected in the heart muscle which would lead to regeneration of new, healthy heart cells. Disease's that may be cured from stem cell therapy include; spinal cord injuries, type 1 diabetes, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, stroke, burns, cancer and osteoarthritis. Also, these stem cells can test new types of medicine for safety and efficiency rather than on animals. Although there are doubts of how adult stem cells would react when injected into the body, research shows results are much more promising than the expectations set. Has the ability to slow down or even potentially prevent the aging process. This research can give rise to an infinite amount of cells which creates limitless potential for application within the medical field. It can increase our understanding of disease by observing how stem cells mature into cells in nerves, muscles, and so on. This would then lead to being able to replace damaged cells since stem cells can be guided to become certain cells. This type of therapy also referred to as regenerative medicine would lead to a new outlook on organ transplantations since rather than using limited organ donors, these cells can be used. An example of this is that someone with heart disease could have cells injected in the heart muscle which would lead to regeneration of new, healthy heart cells. Disease's that may be cured from stem cell therapy include; spinal cord injuries, type 1 diabetes, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, stroke, burns, cancer and osteoarthritis. Also, these stem cells can test new types of medicine for safety and efficiency rather than on animals. Although there are doubts of how adult stem cells would react when injected into the body, research shows results are much more promising than the expectations set. Has the ability to slow down or even potentially prevent the aging process. This research can give rise to an infinite amount of cells which creates limitless potential for application within the medical field. It can increase our understanding of disease by observing how stem cells mature into cells in nerves, muscles, and so on. This would then lead to being able to replace damaged cells since stem cells can be guided to become certain cells. This type of therapy also referred to as regenerative medicine would lead to a new outlook on organ transplantations since rather than using limited organ donors, these cells can be used. An example is that someone with heart disease could have cells injected in the heart muscle which would lead to regeneration of new, healthy heart cells. Disease's that may be cured from stem cell therapy include; spinal cord injuries, type 1 diabetes, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, stroke, burns, cancer and osteoarthritis. Also, these stem cells can test new types of medicine for safety and efficiency rather than on animals. Although there are doubts of how adult stem cells would react when injected into the body, research shows results are much more promising than the expectations set. Has the ability to slow down or even potentially prevent the aging process. This research can give rise to an infinite amount of cells which creates limitless potential for application within the medical field. It can increase our understanding of disease by observing how stem cells mature into cells in nerves, muscles, and so on. This would then lead to being able to replace damaged cells since stem cells can be guided to become certain cells. This type of therapy also referred to as regenerative medicine would lead to a new outlook on organ transplantations since rather than using limited organ donors, these cells can be used. An example is that someone with heart disease could have cells injected in the heart muscle which would lead to regeneration of new, healthy heart cells. Disease's that may be cured from stem cell therapy include; spinal cord injuries, type 1 diabetes, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, stroke, burns, cancer and osteoarthritis. Also, these stem cells can test new types of medicine for safety and efficiency rather than on animals. Although there are doubts of how adult stem cells would react when injected into the body, research shows results are much more promising than the expectations set. They also have the ability to slow down or even potentially prevent the aging process. Although there are many advantages, all of the research is still ongoing therefore problems as well as long term effects could be discovered along the way. Other than this, embryonic stem cells can potentially begin to grow irregularly and in large amounts since researchers are still studying how to control growth patterns of these types of cells. Utilising these cells could also trigger an immune response which would lead to the human body treated these cells sent to help as invaders. They could also fail to function which would lead to unknown consequences. Due to environmental hazards such as toxins, adult stem cells are likely to cause errors and abnormalities. Also, adult stem cells are more limited in their ability to differentiate in comparison to embryonic stem cells. They are alsomore limited since they are pre-specialized, for example heart cells can only give rise to other heart cells. Benefits Disadvantages By: Thomas A.Simoes By: Thomas A.Simoes
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