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Created with Fabric.js 1.4.5 MEGACITIES Jakarta Rise of the Megacities Seraipanok Mexico City Jakarta Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia is located on the island of Java. In late 2011, the population of the official metropolitan area of Jakarta was recorded at 10.1 million, qualifying as a megacity. Jakarta is a very old city, having being settled over 1500 years ago. In 1950, Jakarta was the only Indonesian city with a population in an excess of 1 million when only 15% of Indonesia’s population lived in urban areas. By 2010, a total of 10 cities had grown to 1 million people which later increased. A range of volcanoes and hilly slopes south of the city feed a series of rivers that have built up a fertile flood plan leading to the Java Sea. The combination of the flat, low-lying plain and the tropical climate means that flooding is a frequent problem for the residents of Jakarta. Slums sit alongside sky scraping, modern homes and luxury hotel. Half of the population of Jakarta live in these slums. The homes there are often built from temporary materials on land considered unsuitable for regular housing. Jakarta now faces a problem because during the day, it has an estimated population of around 12 million, including the people who come to Jakarta from the suburbs to work. Rural-urban migration from other parts of Indonesia has started to decrease over the years, down to an expected 60,000 people coming into Jakarta this year. (Sinarmas world academy, 2011) Push factors include, Famine, Draught, Natural disasters, Poor, Living conditions and Low income, (Answers, 2014) Rise of the Megacity By 2030, for the first time in history, 60% of the world’s population will be living in cities. And not just ordinary cities, but huge urban agglomerations called megacities. While these super-sized cities are often considered fundamental to economic development – offering inhabitants tremendous opportunities – they can also be hotbeds of misery and poverty, (KPMG International, 2014). The growth of large cities and metropolitan areas has been so significant that some cities have become megacities. A megacity is classed as a metropolitan area with a total excess of ten million people that has a highly dense and sometimes overflowing. It is predicted that over the next sixteen years, will move to urban areas creating more megacities. Megacities have high-density housing/apartments, many cars on the road, many people and many shopping centres. Urbanisation is the process of economic and social change in which an increasing proportion of a country live in urban areas. Global population trends refer to the population growth in particular countries and cities, (Miss Dowsett, 2014). By 2030, nearly 60% of the world’s people will live in an urban are. The industrial revolution saw many push and pull factors moving people from rural areas to urban cities. Pull factors include the prospect of more and better paying jobs; a better standard of living; better educational and healthcare facilities; a more vibrant social and cultural life; and conditions more conducive to entrepreneurial activities (including more people to buy one’s wares and greater access to financial centres). The push factors include lowered income due to increasingly poor quality farmlands; the decreasing availability of raw materials used to eke out a living (for example, a lack of wood due to deforestation or a lack of water from drought), (KPMG International, 2014) Overall there are a range of advantages and also disadvantages to living in a megacity in the twenty-first century.
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