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Created with Fabric.js 1.4.5 In a study of 1211 adult Americans done by Princeton Data Source in October 2002, 37% of Americansthink that the government'sregulations to limit genetic engineering should be more strict while 84% of Americans think the government should have regulations to limit the cloning of humans. Pros Cons Parents with no eggs andsperm can create children that are genetically related.Same sex couples can havechildren without the use ofdonor sperm or donor eggs.Parents that have lost a childcan have that child returned to them with a clone.Endangered animals can becloned to save the species. There would be a lack of uniqueness and violate convictions regarding human individuality and freedom. Clones could be seen as less than human compared with non-clones.95% of animal cloning has ended in failure due to genetic defects, and cloning is considered unsafe because of it. First-ever demonstration of artificial embryo twinning. 1885 1952 First successful nuclear transfer in a frog. 1996 First successful mammal clone created by somatic cell nuclear transfer: Dolly the sheep. Endangered animals cloned by somatic cell nuclear transfer. 2001 2013 Human embryonic stem cellscreated by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Nuclear transfer from embryonic cell. Mammalian cloning was stilllimited to using embryonic cells as nuclear donors. 1987 What is cloning? Cloning is the process by which an entire organism is reproduced from a single cell taken from the parent organism and in a genetically identical manner. This means the cloned animal is an exact duplicate in every way of its parent; it has the same exact DNA. The Process In the now-famous Dolly experiments, cells from a sheep (donor cells) were fused with unfertilized sheep eggs from another sheep (recipient cells) from which the natural genetic material was removed by microsurgery. Then the genetic material from the donor cells was transferred into the unfertilized eggs. Unlike eggs fertilized naturally (with sperm), the laboratory-made eggs received genetic material from only one source. The eggs then started to develop into embryos. The developing embryos were transplanted into a female sheep (the surrogate mother), where they developed naturally. Oneof the embryos survived, and the resulting lamb was named Dolly. As expected, Dolly was an exact genetic copy of the original sheep from which the donor cells were taken, not of the sheep that provided the eggs. Important Players: Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbellcreated Dolly Hans Adolf Edward Dreischintroduced embryo twinning Cloning: A Major Concern? Public Service Announcementby Kaitlyn So double click to change this header text! Shoukhrat Mitalipovcreated a human embryo that could be used as a source of embryonic stem cells. Why It's Worth It Scientific knowledge: De-extinction could offer insights into evolution and natural resources that are currently unavailable to us.Technological advancement: De-extinction could be a big step forward for genetic engineering.Environmental benefits: Threatened or damaged ecosystems could be restored with the help of certain now-extinct species.Justice: If people pushed plant and animals species into extinction, perhaps we owe it to these species to try and bring them back. Scientific knowledge: De-extinction could offer insights into evolution and natural resources that are currently unavailable to us.Technological advancement: De-extinction could be a big step forward for genetic engineering.Environmental benefits: Threatened or damaged ecosystems could be restored with the help of certain now-extinct species.Justice: If people pushed plant and animals species into extinction, perhaps we owe it to these species to try and bring them back. Why It's Worth It As long as the government controls and regulates genetic engineering to make sure the information is not abused, animal cloning would be of much benefit to our ever growing innovation and technology. As long as the government controls and regulates genetic engineering to make sure the information is not abused, animal cloning would be of much benefit to our ever growing innovation and technology.
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