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Created with Fabric.js 1.4.5 case study 1: MUMBAI Mumbai is a megacity,located in the state ofMahashtra, India, which faces many pressuresand challenges of urbanisation. ~POPULATION & DEMOGRAPHICSMumbai has a large population of 19.7 million, and is expectedto reach 27.4 million by the end of 2015. 100% of Mumbai's population lives in urban areas, with 40% of Maarashtra'spopulation living in the city. The city has a population densityaveraged at 1223 persons per square kilometre. 11.43% of Mumbai's population are children, with less females beingborn each year. Mumbai is considered the country's financialand political capital, with one of the country'slargest industrial economies and major stock and commodity exchange markets. ~LOCATIONMumbai is located in the Western and Central part of India known as Maharashtra, that has such a large population that only 10 countries have a populationlarger than the state's. Maharashtra has a total of308,000 square kilometres, and Mumbai is located inthe sector of the state called Kokan. ~TRAFFIC CONGESTIONMumbai suffers many pressures and challenges ofurbanisation such as large traffic congestion, with more private vehicles on roads with the economic boom. Anaverage of 450 vehicles are added to roads daily, with an average travel speed of 8.046kms/hr. The city has anextnsive railway system; the suburban trains carrying up to 7.4 million people daily. The trains were orginallybuilt to fit only 1750 people but are known to carry up to 5000. The city plans on building a metro and monorailas well as more bridges and orads to help face the trafficcongestion. ~SLUMSMumbai is also home to Asia's largest slum, known asDharavi, which homes 42% of the population. Dharaviis known for its dirty lanes, open sewers and cramped huts, as a result of Mumbai having the world's highestrates for rent. For $4 a month, Australian dollars, cooking gas and electricity are provided, and mostmake their few dollars from small scale industrieswithin the slums. Mumbai's government plans to redevelop Dharavi into a modern township. ~ECONOMYMumbai, once dominated by the cotton textile industry,is now dominated by industries such as petrochemicals,automobile manufacturing, electronics, engineering,food processing and light manufacturing. Mumbai isalso home to India's largest and wealthiest industries,Aditya Birla Group, Grodrej and Tata & Sons. Economicactivites such as diamond cutting, computers and moviemaking (Bollywood) are popular in Mumbai. The cityis home to mnay financial institutions such as theReserve Bank of India and the Mumbai Stock Exchange.Despite these economic ventures, Mumbai is rated oneof the worst in the world in terms of housing, cost ofliving, education and health care. ~ENVIRONMENTMumbai is built on a peninsula, surrounded on three sides by water, the hills of the Western Ghats surrounding the city. But, as a result of high growthrate. urban sprawl, traffic congestion, inadequatesanitation and polltuion, the city faces manyenvironnmental pressures. Automobile exhaustsand industrial emissions contribute to serious airpollution, resulting in a high rate of chronic respiratory problems across the population. Buildings in Mumbai Rich & Poor Mumbai Traffic Congestion Dharavi Slums
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