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Created with Fabric.js 1.4.5 Behaviorism Timeline During his career Pavlovfocused on three majorareas of study, functionof the nerves in the heart,primary digestive glands,and conditioned reflexes in dogs. Ivan Petrovitch Pavlov 1849-1936 Vladimir Bekhterev 1857-1927 A prominent figure in the fieldof animal psychology,Bekhterev shifted the focusaway from subjective ideasto objectively observedovert behavior. Bekhterev’sresearch focused on motorconditioning with associatedreflexes. Jacques Loeb 1859-1924 “Reacting against theanthropomorphic tradition andthe method of introspectionby analogy, Loeb developeda theory of animal behavior basedon the concept of tropism, an involuntary forced movement.”(Schultz & Schultz, 2011, Pg. 193) E.B. Twitmyer 1849-1936 1874-1949 His work focused on theknee-jerk reflex.No one seemed interestedin his presentation at the time,and he never followed up on his work. Thorndike believed in thestudy of behavior not mental elements.He studied the connectionbetween stimulus and responseusing connectionism. John B. Watson 1913 Watson first presentedhis ideas for behaviorismsat psychological meetingsat Yale University between1908 and 1912, by 1912the use of the term“behaviorist” became popular. Watson first presentedhis ideas for behaviorismsat psychological meetingsat Yale University between1908 and 1912, by 1912the use of the term“behaviorist” became popular. 1913 Edward Lee Thorndike 1919 With the publication ofPsychology from thestandpoint of a Behaviorist,the behaviorism movementbegin to have a significantimpact on the psychology community. 1920 By the 1920s universities where offeringcourses in behaviorism andthe term was becoming acceptablein the professional journals. 1929 In 1929 Karl Lashley a student of John B. Watsonpublished a book called “Brain Mechanisms andIntelligence” that summarized his findingsWatson’s basic points of behaviorism. Edward Toleman 1932 Julian Rotter 1988 Albert Bandura B. F. Skinner 1950's Clark Hull 1952 Skinner only dealt withonly observable behaviorand his task was to establishthe relationship between thestimulus and response.Behaviorism was devotedto the study of responses,describing the responsesand not explaining them. His system, purposive behaviorism,combined the objective study ofbehavior with the considerationof goal orientation in the behavior. Actions were caused byintervening variables. Believed in Self- Efficacy and Social Cognitive Theory.Also believed in simple observation,systematic controlled observations,experimental testing of hypothesisand hypothetico- deductive method.law of Primary Reinforcement not like Thorndike, this method reduces a primary need. 1982 Social Learning Theory-one learns behaviors throughsocial experiences. One's cognitive processcan be perceived as conscious beingscapable of influencing their surroundings.Believed in internal locus of control and in external locus of control. Believed in simple observation,systematic controlled observations,experimental testing of hypothesisand hypothetico- deductive method.law of Primary Reinforcement not like Thorndike, this method reduces a primary need.
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